阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Helen was walking down the street late ____11____ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____17____ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____19____ (bad). The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.
PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.
PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.
You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.
Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.
Waiting lists
If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held.
When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future.
Deregistering
If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.
You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu..
21 ． In PASS, students ________.
A ． attend new lectures B ． decide their own schedules
C ． prepare problem sets in groups D ． use their skills to solve problems
22 ． What can students do if a session is full?
A ． Fill in the attendance sheet. B ． Sign up for the waiting list.
C ． Report their needs and feedback. D ． Email the office their numbers on the list.
23 ． Students will be deregistered if ________.
A ． they send emails in error B ． they fail to work interactively
C ． they give their places to others D ． they miss two sessions in a row
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.
24 ． What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety?
A ． Her inability to act her age. B ． Her habit of consumption.
C ． Her desire to be perfect. D ． Her lack of inspiration.
25 ． How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice?
A ． She decided to do something for nature. B ． She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C ． She learned about the harm of desire. D ． She built up her courage to speak up.
26 ． The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________.
A ． intelligent B ． confident C ． innovative D ． critical
27 ． What can we learn from this passage?
A ． Practice makes perfect. B ． Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C ． Action is worry’s worst enemy. D ． Everything comes to those who wait.
“ What would the world be if there were no hunger ?” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect ( 交叉 ) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First, researchers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.
Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished ( 营养不良 )people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast majority are not known. This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems thinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress ( 修正 ) such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.
More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results, but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”.
28 ． The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A ． illustrate an argument B ． highlight an opinion
C ． introduce the topic D ． predict the ending
29 ． What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?
A ． The first objective of systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B ． The relationships among players have been clarified.
C ． Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.
D ． The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.
30 ． As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with?
A ． It may be used to justify power imbalance.
B ． It can be applied to tackle challenges.
C ． It helps to prove why hunger exists.
D ． It goes beyond human imagination.
Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
31 ． Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A ． sympathetic B ． unconcerned C ． doubtful D ． excited
32 ． What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A ． His dominance in physics. B ． The competition in the field.
C ． His confidence in PyQuantum. D ． The investment of tech companies.
33 ． What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A ． Open. B ． Cool. C ． Useful. D ． Resistant.
34 ． Which would be the best title for the passage?
A ． Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B ． Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C ． Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D ． Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune ( 免疫 ) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.
A ． Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B ． Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C ． It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D ． For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E ． If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F ． There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G ． This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur ( 创业者 ), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused ( 浸泡 ) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer ( 滤网 ) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
40 ． What did Tom witness at his own school?
41 ． Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle?
42 ． Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
43 ． Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你打算邀请英国好友 Jim 为你们班做一次关于英语写作的线上经验交流。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1 ．建议交流的具体内容及其原因；
2 ．交流时间和其他相关事项。
注意： 1 ．词数 100 左右；
2 ．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
B 2 ． D 3 ． B 4 ． C 5 ． A 6 ． C 7 ． D 8 ． B 9 ． A 10 ． C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。一个小男孩上学去晚了，被关在了门外，小男孩推不开门，于是大冬天的在门外等了很久，直到老师不经意间发现门有动静，才注意到他被关在门外。小男孩坚定地相信老师会给他开门，这种信念让老师一直铭记于心。
1 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我注意到那扇沉重的木门动了一下。 A. caused 引起、使发生； B. spotted 看见、注意到； C. checked 检查、核对； D. imagined 想象。根据后面的 “a movement of the heavy wooden door.” 可知，此处表示看到门动了下， spot 符合语境。故选 B 项。
2 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这正是那扇我小心翼翼地领着孩子们穿过，以确保他们不受严寒侵袭的门。 A. hesitantly 迟疑地、踌躇地； B. randomly 随机地； C. dizzily 头晕眼花地； D. carefully 小心地、谨慎地。根据后面的 “to ensure their safety from the bitter cold.” 可知，要确保孩子们不受严寒侵袭，说明是小心翼翼地领着孩子们通过， carefully 符合语境。故选 D 项。
3 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是我幼儿园的一个孩子，我以为他那天没来。 A. angry 生气的、愤怒的； B. absent 缺席的、不在的； C. special 特殊的、特别的； D. noisy 嘈杂的、聒噪的。根据下文的 “He had been dropped off at school late and was ____4____ to open the door.” 可知，是小男孩来晚了，又开不了门，所以老师以为他没来，此处 absent 符合语境。故选 B 项
4 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很晚才被送到学校，打不开门。 A. courageous 勇敢的； B. content 满足的、满意的； C. unable 无法胜任的、不会的； D. unwilling 不愿意的。根据上文的 “the heavy wooden door.” 和下文的 “He must have been waiting there for quite a while!” 可知，门很重，小男孩打不开，所以才在门外等了很久，此处指 “ 打不开门 ” ， unable 符合语境。故选 C 项
5 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他需要时间恢复，我想他第二天不会来上课了。 A. recover 恢复、康复； B. play 玩闹、戏弄； C. change 改变； D. wait 等待。根据前面的 “He was treated for frostbite on his hands.” 可知，小男孩手冻伤了，所以需要时间恢复，此处 recover 符合语境。故选 A 项。
6 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，我那冻伤的小男孩是第一批赶到的人之一。 A. settle 解决、定居； B. gather 聚集、召集； C. arrive 到达； D. react 反应。根据下文 “Not only did he run in with energy,” 可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明是来了学校，故此处指第一批到达学校的人，应用 arrive 。故选 C 项
7 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不仅精力充沛地跑了进来，而且他的笑声还像以前一样响亮！ A. sneeze 打喷嚏； B. weep 哭泣； C. complaint 抱怨； D. laughter 笑声。根据前面的 “Not only did he run in with energy” 可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明身体恢复好了，结合后面的 “could be heard as loud as ever” 可知，此处应指 “ 笑声和以前一样响亮 ” ， laughter 符合语境。故选 D 项
8 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我给了他一个温暖的拥抱，告诉他我很高兴见到他。 A. lucky 幸运的； B. happy 开心的、幸福的； C. curious 好奇的； D. nervous 紧张的、担忧的。根据上文 “He’d need time to ____5____ , and wouldn’t come for class the next day, I thought.” 可知，作者以为小男孩不会来学校，所以看到小男孩的时候，应该是开心的， happy 符合语境。故选 B 项
9 ．考查短语辨析。句意：在那个寒冷的周一早晨，他等了很久很久，才等到大人的出现。 A. show up 露面，出现； B. pull up 拔起、停下来； C. hold up 举起、阻挡； D. line up 排队。根据上下文语义可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，才等到大人出现给他开门，此处用 show up 符合语境。故选 A 项
10 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个五岁的孩子给我在信念方面上了一堂有力的课。 A. gratitude 感激； B. forgiveness 宽恕； C. faith 信任、信念； D. kindness 善良、仁慈。根据前面 “He didn’t attempt to walk back home; he waited and trusted.” 可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，却没有试图回家，说明小男孩有很强的的信念，故此处指老师从小男孩身上学到了一些关于信念的东西，此处指 “ 关于信念的课 ” ， faith 符合语境。故选 C 项