Come to the AG Society's expedition (探险) program and you will surely get unique experiences! SWIM WITH THE HUMPBACKS(座头鲸) OF TONGA
Darren Jew and his team are your hosts for an unforgettable AG Society adventure, filled with in- water meetings with humpback whales in the Kingdom of Tonga's group of islands.
WHO: Darren Jew's underwater whales
DATES: 26 September-4 October 2018
COST: $ 5,450 per person
BOOKINGS: Call 0756679413, email reservations @ whalesunderwater.com or visit whalesunderwater.com
11-DAY KIMBERLEY COASTAL CRUISE(乘船浏览)
The AG Society is partnering with APT to present an exciting voyage along the Kimberley coastline. Expedition cruising offers the easiest way to explore the Kimberley. Guests on this 11-day voyage will go ashore, explore natural wonders, meet traditional owners, see rock art and spot wildlife.
WHO: APT
DATES: 6 - 16 September 2018
COST: $ 13,395 per person
BOOKINGS: Visit kimberleywild.com. au
LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL(化石) DIG
The AG Society offers you a chance to hunt for fossils. Guided by experts, you'll go to special locations, seeking new fossils for the collections of the Australian Opal Centre. Your discoveries will further establish these museum collections as a world-class scientific and cultural resource. There are also a series of lectures on mining history, fossils, dinosaur hunting and new dinosaurs.
WHO: The Australian Opal Centre
DATES: 20 -25 August 2018
COST: $ 2,200 per person, including all activities and lunches and dinners
BOOKINGS: Call 0427904587, email dig @ stralianopalcentre.com or visit australianopalcentre.com
AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION
Come and join Tim Faulkner for a unique hands-on experience with this Tasmanian devil (袋獾) feeding program in the beautiful Barrington Tops of NSW. You'll get to see Tasmanian devils up close when you help with feeding individuals.
In addition to working with the animals, there'll be opportunities to explore the area's natural treasures and spot local wildlife. Don't miss your chance to get involved in this important conservation effort.
WHO: Devil Ark
DATES: 24 - 26 November 2018
COST: $ 1,750 per person
BOOKINGS: Call 0243408610, email info @ devilark.org. au or visit devilark.org. au
1.If you join in LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG, you can .
A.go to seek new fossils individually
B.learn something about mining history
C.collect the world-class scientific fossils
D.become an expert and go to special locations
2.What can you do if you take part in AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION?
A.Help protect wildlife. B.Learn about dinosaurs.
C.Watch humpback whales. D.Enjoy an exciting voyage.
3.Which program will you choose if you want to enjoy rock art?
A.AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION.
B.LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG.
C.11-DAY KIMBERLEY COASTAL CRUISE.
D.SWIM WITH THE HUMPBACKS OF TONGA.
1.B
2.A
3.C
【分析】
这是一篇应用文,主要介绍了 the AG Society探险项目的 相关信息。
1.细节理解题。由文章的第三栏中的 Guided by experts, you'll go to special locations, seeking new fossils for the collections of the Australian Opal Centre.可知是在专家的陪伴下寻找 化石,故 A 项错误;由 There are also a series of lectures on mining history, fossils, dinosaur hunting and new dinosaurs.可知有一系列关于采矿历史、化石、恐龙狩猎和新恐龙的讲座。所以,如果你参加 了LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG,你可以了解一些关于采矿历史。故 B 项正确;由 Your discoveries will further establish these museum collections as a world-class scientific and cultural resource. 可知 C 项错误;由本段内容可知是在专家的带领下,而不是成为专家,故 D 项错误。故选 B。
2.细节理解题。由最后一栏中可知这是一个亲身体验喂养袋獾的一次经历,而且最后一句 Don't miss your chance to get involved in this important conservation effort.可知,号召大家”不要错过参与这项重要的保护工作的机会。”可知是帮助保护野生动物,BCD 项文章中没有提到。 故选 A。
3.细节理解题。题干中的关键词是 enjoy rock art,只有文章中的第二栏中的最后一句话Guests on this 11-day voyage will go ashore, explore natural wonders, meet traditional owners, see rock art and spot wildlife.可知。在这11天的旅程中,游客们将上岸,探索自然奇观,会见传统的主人,欣赏岩石艺术和野生动物。所以你如果想欣赏岩石艺术,可以选择 11-DAY KIMBERLEY COASTAL CRUISE. 故选 C。
In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.
According to a weather expert's prediction, the atmosphere wilbe3C warmer in the year 2050thanitis today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate.If this warming up took place, the icecaps in the poles would begin to melt thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities.Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere(半球) , possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food-growing zones.
In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet.But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which maybe affected by only a few degrees of warming:in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.
Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing.The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place.This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.
However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling Scientists conclude,therefore,that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man.The question is:Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?
One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun.Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and“cold”spots(that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun.As the sun rotates(旋转) , every 27.5 days it presents hotter or“colder”faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth.This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation.The sun is also variable over along term:its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.
Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age.The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not.One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia(惯性) of the earth's climate.If this is right,the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun's diminishing(减少) heat.
1.Why is the fuel consumption greater in then or them hemisphere, but temperatures there seem to be falling?
A.Mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising.
B.Possibly because the output of solar energy varies.
C.Because the inertia of the earth's climate take effect.
D.Possibly because the icecaps in the poles are melting
2.On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that
A.the climate of the world should be becoming cooler
B.the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect
C.the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects
D.it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth's climate to take effect
3.If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, .
A.the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels
B.ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere
C.the increased levels of carbon dioxide would warm up the earth quickly
D.the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth
4.The purpose of the article is to explain .
A.the greenhouse effect
B.the solar effects on the earth
C.the models of solar-weather interactions
D.the causes affecting weather
1.B
2.A
3.D
4.D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了全球变暖的真正原因。
1.细节理解题。根据第五段的Scientists conclude,therefore,that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man.(因此,科学家得出结论,到目前为止,自然对天气的影响已经超过了人为的影响)可知,自然对天气的影响超过了人类对天气的影响;再根据第六段的One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun.(一种可能性是太阳的变化行为),表明一种自然因素的可能性是太阳的可变行为,即太阳能量释放的不同。综上可知北半球的燃料消耗更大,但那里的温度似乎在下降的原因是太阳能的输出是变化的。故选B。
2.推理判断题。定位到最后一段第二句The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not(问题是,这些模型预测世界将进入一个新的冰河世纪,而事实并非如此)可以推测科学家认为地球气候应变冷,而进入新的冰河时期。也就是说根据他们的模型,科学家们认为世界的气候应该变得更冷,故选A。
3.推理判断题。定位到最后一段最后一句If this is right,the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun's diminishing(减少) heat.(如果这是正确的,那么二氧化碳的变暖效应可能会对太阳热量的减少起到有效的平衡作用)可知,如果新的冰河时期推迟的假设正确,那么二氧化碳的变暖效应可能会作为一种有用的平衡来对抗太阳的热量衰减,也就是温室效应会对地球有利,故选D。
4.推理判断题。通读全文以及第五段的Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?(哪一种自然因素对天气影响最大?)这句关键句可知,本文介绍了二氧化碳对全球气候的影响和太阳能量的输出活动对气候的影响,分析全球变暖的真正原因,故全文的写作主旨一直在探讨全球变暖的原因, 故选D。
While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we’ve “summered.” “Summer” is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbed noun.
Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you didn’t feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns.
“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia O’Conner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.
Even though conversion (转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.B.White, in The Elements of Style — the Bible for the use of American English — have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.
“Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them,” says O’Conner. That’s why we’re comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” a noun if it’s easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.
In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.
1.What can we learn about the verbing of nouns?
A.It hasn’t recently been opposed by many grammarians.
B.It is more commonly accepted by children than adults.
C.It hasn’t been a rare phenomenon in the past century.
D.It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice
2.What is most leading experts’ attitude towards the practice of the verbing of nouns?
A.Cautious. B.Satisfied.
C.Disappointed. D.Unconcerned.
3.What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns?
A.Predictable. B.Practicable.
C.Approaching. D.Impossible.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Are 40 Percent of all new verbs from nouns?
B.Are Summering and Medaling Annoying?
C.Are You Comfortable about a New Verb?
D.Are There Any Rules for Verbing?
1.C
2.A
3.D
4.B
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象,据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词,但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度。也有人反对新动词,因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西。文章就此展开了讨论。
1.推理判断题。根据第三段的Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.(自1900年以来,大约40%的新动词来自名词)可知,我们知道在过去的一个世纪里,名词动用并不是罕见的现象。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段的Not all are bad, but all are suspect.(不是所有的都是坏的,但所有的都是可疑的)和The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.(《芝加哥文体手册》也持类似观点,建议作者小心使用动词)可知,对于名词动用的用法,大多数的专家持谨慎的态度。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.(并不是所有的造词都被广泛使用,但是想要完全停止动词的使用,还是算了吧)可知,作者认为结束名词动用用法的使用是不可能的,故选D。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章的可知,英语语言中“名词动用”的语言现象,据专家估计20%的英语动词原本是名词,但大多数专家对“名词动用”这类名词的使用持有谨慎态度,但是完全杜绝这类词的使用又是不可能的。也有人反对新动词,因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西,用正反两个观点来说明这类名词动用的语言现象是否受人欢迎,故引用文章中的名词动用的两个词Summering和Medaling来进行概括,故B选项(Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗?)可以作为本文标题,故选B。
Work Your Mind
Here’s something to think about the next time you ask your teacher for help: struggling with schoolwork on your own can help you learn. According to a recent study, the more you struggle while you are learning new information, the better you can remember it later.
This theory might surprise you. When teachers are presenting new information, they often give students lots of help. But a new study shows this may not be the best way to support learning. “Don't be too quick to get help when learning something new,” education expert Manu Kapur told TFK. “Try to work on it yourself even if it means trying different ways.”
Kapur came up with the idea that struggling can lead to better learning. Then he tested it out on students in Singapore. He separated students into two groups. In the first group, students were asked to solve math problems with the teacher’s help. In the second group, students were asked to solve the same problems by helping one another, instead of getting help from the teacher.
With the teacher’s help, students in the first group were able to find the correct answers. Students in the second group did not solve the problems correctly. But they did come up with a lot of good ideas. The students were then tested on what they had learned. The group without any help from a teacher scored much higher than the group who had help. Kapur said working to find the answers helped students understand the process, not just the solution.
Kapur’s advice for kids is to put a lot of effort into learning something new rather than going to your teacher for help. “Simply doing a little work or nothing at all won’t work,” says Kapur. “The struggle needs to be a genuine attempt to figure out or solve a problem in as many ways as possible.”
1.When you have doubt on schoolwork, you’d better ____________.
A.ask your teacher for help
B.make it clear by yourself
C.ask your classmates to help you
D.ask your parents for help
2.What’s Manu Kapur educational idea on learning new knowledge?
A.Give students much help as soon as possible.
B.Let students learn it on themselves in one way.
C.Let students learn it by themselves in the same way.
D.Let students learn it for themselves in different ways.
3.How did Kapur check his idea on better learning?
A.By asking questions.
B.By solving art problems.
C.By group comparations.
D.By solving science problems.
4.What is the most important in learning knowledge?
A.Getting the teacher’s help.
B.Getting the student’s help.
C.Grasping the learning course.
D.Receiving the final solution.
1.B
2.D
3.C
4.C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文,研究表明在学习中学习新知识、遇到难解决的问题时越是努力的思考而不是急于求助于老师是解决难题的最好解决方法,学习知识最重要的是掌握学习课程,而不是简简单单地寻求答案。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段的struggling with schoolwork on your own can help you learn可知,自己努力思考可以帮助你学习。所以如果你对功课有疑问,你应该自己思考。故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段Don't be too quick to get help when learning something new,” education expert Manu Kapur told TFK. “Try to work on it yourself even if it means trying different ways.可知,教育专家曼努卡普尔(Manu Kapur)对TFK表示:“学习新事物时,不要太快寻求帮助。“即使这意味着要尝试不同的方法,也要自己动手。所以曼努卡普尔学习新知识的教育理念是让学生以不同的方式自学。故选D项。
3.推理判断题,根据第三段Then he tested it out on students in Singapore. He separated students into two groups. In the first group, students were asked to solve math problems with the teacher’s help. In the second group, students were asked to solve the same problems by helping one another, instead of getting help from the teacher可知,然后他在新加坡的学生身上进行了测试。他把学生分成两组。在第一组,学生们被要求在老师的帮助下解决数学问题。在第二组,学生被要求通过互相帮助来解决同样的问题,而不是从老师那里得到帮助。由此判断出普尔是通过两组不同的学生进行比较来证实他的观点的。故选C项。
4.细节理解题,根据倒数第二段最后一句Kapur said working to find the answers helped students understand the process, not just the solution可知,卡普尔说,努力寻找答案有助于学生理解这个过程,而不仅仅是解决答案。所以学习知识最重要的是掌握学习课程。故选C项。
Experienced⁃Based Education
Everyone is familiar with traditional education. You sit in a class and a teacher teaches. This is an important part of development. But at some point, every individual has to take charge of their own education. To do this, one must look at the root of learning.1.
Basically, unfamiliar experiences usually add more value than experiences that are familiar.
2. And we are in a better state to learn something new. Honestly, someone who never experiences the same thing twice will never have a chance to benefit from anything learned. However, new experiences are generally what make people interesting and push them to grow.
High school is a new experience. College is a new experience. However, at some point traditional education becomes repetitive. It is not that you won’t learn anything else, but that the environment is so familiar.3.
To solve this, an individual needs to introduce new experiences into their life. You may spend a summer in a different part of the country or learn a new language through trial and error. You can also go to a drive⁃in movie(or some other entertainment event that is new to you).4.
These types of experiences often result in very little“book knowledge”. Instead, they will often provide you with a better understanding of yourself as you experience your reaction to different situations.5. It can be invaluable for you to work effectively with others. Becoming a well ⁃ rounded human isn’t something that happens by accident. You can spend your entire lifetime developing your potential.
A.Has education changed so much in the last decade?
B.They will also provide you with a better understanding of others.
C.Those new experiences may not lead to great personal development.
D.These are all things that can stretch and expand your experience in life.
E.This is because unfamiliar experiences require much more of our attention.
F.As a result, you can easily become less aware of your experience and not learn as much.
G.What makes some experiences add great value to our lives while other experiences do not?
1.G
2.E
3.F
4.D
5.B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了是什么让一些经历给我们的生活增加了巨大的价值,而另一些却没有。
1.由下文Basically, unfamiliar experiences usually add more value than experiences that are familiar.可知,基本上,不熟悉的经历通常比熟悉的经历更有价值。所以上文是对选项的回答,且选项统领全文。故G选项“是什么让一些经历为我们的生活增添了巨大的价值,而另一些却没有?”切题。故选G项。
2.由下文And we are in a better state to learn something new.可知,我们处在一个更好的状态,会学习一些新的东西。所以选项与后一句为并列关系,且在解释选项上一句的原因。故E选项“这是因为不熟悉的经历需要我们更多的注意力”切题。故选E项。
3.由前文It is not that you won’t learn anything else, but that the environment is so familiar.可知,这并不是说你不会学到别的东西,而是环境太熟悉了。所以选项与前句为因果关系。故F选项“因此,你很容易对自己的经验缺乏意识,也学不到很多东西”切题。故选F项。
4.由前文You may spend a summer in a different part of the country or learn a new language through trial and error. You can also go to a drive⁃in movie(or some other entertainment event that is new to you)可知,你可以在一个不同的地方度过一个夏天,或者通过反复试验来学习一门新的语言。你也可以看汽车电影(或其他娱乐事件这对你来说都是新的)。所以选项是对空前所叙述的三个例子的总结。故D选项“这些都可以扩展你的生活经验”切题。故选D项。
5.由前文Instead, they will often provide you with a better understanding of yourself as you experience your reaction to different situations.可知,相反,它们会让你在体验不同情况下的反应时,更好地了解自己。所以选项与前文话题相关且为并列关系。故B选项“他们也会让你更好地理解别人”切题。故选B项。
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