定义：

直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。
　　　　    例：He said:" It is too late." 
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
　　　　    例：He said it was too late.

1、定义：直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。
　　　　 例：He said:" It is too late."
         间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
　　　　 例：He said it was too late.
2、直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题
1）人称的变化。
   主语为第一人称的直接引语，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。
   例如：
   直接引语 She said:" I am hungry."
   间接引语 She said she was hungry.
   直接引语 Mum said to me:" You must clean your bedroom by yourself."
   间接引语 Mum told me that I had to clean my bedroom by myself.
2）时态变化
   直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。

直接引语	间接引语
一般现在时	一般过去时
一般过去时	过去完成时
一般将来时	过去将来时
现在进行时	过去进行时
现在完成时	过去完成时
过去完成时	过去完成时
将来进行时	过去将来进行时
将来完成时	过去将来完成时

注意：
（1）直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。
   例如：Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth."
   Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
（2）直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。
   例如：She said:" I went to England in 1998."
   She said she went to England in 1998.
（3）主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。
   He says:" I bought you a book yesterday.
   He says that he bought me a book yesterday.
3）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。

	直接引语	间接引语
指示代词	this	that
	these	those
时间状语	now	then
	today	that day
	tonight	that night
	this week/year/term	that week/year/term
	two years ago	two years before
	tomorrow	the next/following day
	next year	the next year
地点状语	here	there
动词	come	go
	bring	take

4）句式上的变化
1）陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接。
   如：She said:" I am a girl."
   She said that she was a girl. (that可以省略)
2）一般疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether。
   例如：She asked me:" Are you Mr. Li?" 
         She asked me if I was Mr. Li.
         She asked us:" Do you want to go on a picnic?"
         She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.
3）特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。
   例如："How much have we spent on petrol this year," Susan asked her husband.
   Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.
4）祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。
   一改：said (to) 改为asked或told, ordered等
   二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语
   三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式
   四去：去掉please
   例：He said to her:" Don't take the book away."
       He asked her not take the book away.
5）感叹句变为间接引语
   "What awful weather it is!" she said.
   She complained about the awful weather.
   "What a bright girl you are." He said to me.
   He praised me that I was a bright girl.

直接引语与间接引语的转换：

一、人称代词的变化： 
直接引语变间接引语时，人称代词的变化一般规律是：
        第一人称→第三人称；
        第二人称→第一人称；
        第三人称→第三人称。
        简记为“二一、一三、三留”。 
例："I'm thinking of changing my address." he said.
   → He said that he was thinking of changing his address.（I和he指同一个人）  
        Xiao Ming asked me, "Are you going to the park with us?"
  → Xiao Ming asked me if I was going to the park with them.（us与them指相同的人，XiaoMing是其中的一员；me和you指同一个人）
       Mr. Li said, "She will attend the meeting."
  → Mr. Li saidthatshewouldattendthemeeting.（Mr. Li和she不是同一个人） 但当说话者是第一人称，直接引语中的主语也是第一人称时，不作变化。 
       I said to my children, "I will give you some presents on Christmas Day."
  → I told my children I would give them some presents on Christmas Day. （I为同一说话者）

二、时态的变化：
直接引语变间接引语时，时态的变化规律是往“过去”相应的时态推移：
        一般现在时→一般过去时，
        一般将来时→过去将来时，
        现在进行时→过去进行时，
        现在完成时→过去完成时，
        一般过去时/过去完成时→过去完成时。
如：My father told me, "He will come back next week."
   → My father told me that he would come back the next week.
        She asked me, "Did you finish your homework?"
   → She asked me if I had finished my homework.
注意：直接引语属下列情况时，时态不作变化：
1、直接引语属真理或客观事实时：
如：The teacher said to us, "Light runs much faster than sound."
   → The teacher told us light runs much faster than sound.
2、主句谓语动词是现在或将来某个时态：
如：The old man often says, "I joined the Red Army when I was young."
   → The old man often says that he joined the Red Army when he was young.
3、直接引语带有具体的过去时间状语时：
如：The politics teacher said to us, "The party was founded in 1921."
   → The politics teacher told us that the party was founded in 1921.
4、直接引语谓语有情态动词：had better，would rather及need，must，oughtto等时：
如：He said to me, "I would rather live in the countryside."
   → He told me that he would rather live in the countryside.
5、直接引语为虚拟语气谓语时 e.g.Shesaid,"IwouldbehappyifIwereabird."→ Shesaidthatshewouldbehappyifshewereabird.

三、句型的变化：
直接引语变间接引语时，句型要作适当变化：
1、变陈述句为由that引导的从句（that常省略）：
如："I want to improve my English at school," said the child.
   → The child said(that) he wanted to improve his English at school.
2、变一般疑问句为由if/whether引导的从句：
如："Are you sure he will come today?"Jenny asked Helen.
   → Jenny asked Helen if/whether she was sure he would come that day.
3、变选择疑问句为由whether...or.../whether...or not引导的从句：
如："Is he a director or an actor?" she asked me.
   → She asked me whether he was a director or an actor.
4、变反意问句时，要视说话者的语气而定：
（1）表示疑问时，先需去掉后面的反意问句部分，再按一般疑问句变化。
如："You haven't finished your composition, have you?" the teacher said to me.
   → The teacher asked me if I had finished my composition.
（2）表示提醒或警告等特别语气时，先按陈述句变化，再把间接引语前的动词更换为表示相应语气的动词remind，warn等。
如："You're late for class, aren't you?" the teacher said angrily to me.
   → The teacher warned me that I was late for class.
5、变特殊疑问词开头的问句为原特殊疑问词引导的从句：
如："When did you come here?" Tom asked Jim.
   → Tom asked Jim when he had gone there.
6、变祈使句为不定式短语，作动词ask，tell，order，beg，request，advise，offer，warn等的宾语补足语，宾语为说话者的对象，选什么动词，视情况而定：
如：The doctor said to the patient, "Don't eat oily food again."
   → The doctor advised the patient not to eat oily food again.
7、变感叹句为how或what引出的从句，也可用that引出从句：
如："How clever a boy he is." the teacher said to the mother.
   → The teacher told the mother how clever a boy he was.
或：The teacher told the mother that he was clever boy.
8、直接引语是多个句子时，按其句型特点，用上面的方法分别处理，并用and连接：
如：Mrs. Smith said, "I don't know the way to the station. How can I get there?"
   → Mrs. Smith said that she didn't know the way to the station and asked me how she could get there.
9、若直接引语是What's the matter?/What has happened?/What's wrong with...? 时，变成间接引语语序不变：
如："What's the matter?" said he.
   → He asked me what was the matter.

直接引语变间接引语词语转化对比：

直接引语	间接引语
this, these	that, those
here	there
now	then
today,tonight	that day,that night
this evening	that evening
last week	the week before
tomorrow	the next/following day
yesterday	the day before
next week/month/year	the next week/month/ year
ago	before
come	go

注意：如果在当时转述别人话，不必要改变时间状语；在原地转述别人的话，也不必改变地点状语，同样，come也不一定要改为go。
如：John said just now, "I came here yesterday."
    →John said just now that he came here yesterday.

1、掌握直接引语与间接引语的概念及相互的转变规律。

能力要求：掌握/应用
课时要求：1
考试频率：常考
分值比重：1