One year ago, I had a special English lesson hold at the railway station. It was quite different from the regular English classes we were familiar to, for we had no textbooks, no blackboard and no fixed seats.
Gathered at the entrance of the station, we were told to collect many English words and sentences as possible there. Curious and excited, they walked around the station and looked everywhere, searching for any informations in English. Whenever an English word comes into sight, the class would burst into the cheers as if we had discovered a new world. With the Chinese translation and vividly pictures, we could figure out their meaning with ease.
Now, this unforgettable lesson still encourages me to be an active learner where I go.
第一句: hold→ held
第二句: to →with
第三句: Gathered→ Gathering
第三句: many前加as
第四句: they→we
第四句: informations→information
第五句: comes→came
第五句: cheers前的the去掉
第六句: vividly→vivid
第七句: where→wherever
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一年前,作者在火车站参加的一场与众不同的英语课。这个难忘的经历鼓励作者无论在哪儿都要做一个积极主动的学习者。
【详解】
1. 考查过去分词作定语。句意:一年前,我参加了一场在火车站举行的英语课。这句话中谓语动词为had,所以a special English lesson(一场特殊的英语课)后应使用非谓语动词形式作定语。a special English lesson与hold(举办)之间是被动关系,所以应用过去分词作定语。故将hold改为held。
2.考查介词。句意:它与我们熟悉的常规的英语课非常不同。be familiar to的意思是众所周知的,人人知道的,这个短语表示是一种被动关系。be familiar with的意思是精通、熟悉,这个短语表示是一种主动关系。所以根据句意(我们熟悉的常规的英语课),故将to改为with。
3. 考查现在分词作状语。句意:集合在车站门口,我们被告诉搜集尽可能多的英语单词和句子。主语we与gather(集合)之间是主动关系,所以应用现在分词作状语。故将Gathered改为Gathering。
4.考查固定短语。句意同上。“尽可能多的”应翻译为“as many as possible”,故在many 前加as。
5.考查人称代词。句意:很好奇也很激动,我们绕着火车站行走,到处寻找有关英语的信息。根据短文内容,这句话讲述作者和同学们(我们)的行动,人称代词与上句中的we呼应,故将they改为we。
6.考查不可数名词。句意同上。“information(信息)”为不可数名词,所以将informations改为information。
7.考查一般过去时。句意:每当我们碰到一个新的单词,全班的同学都欢呼好像我们发现了一个新世界。本文讲述一年前发生的事情,所以全文使用的都是一般过去时。故将comes改为came。
8.考查动词短语。句意同上。“欢呼”可翻译为burst into cheers,是一个固定搭配。故将cheers前的the去掉。
9.考查形容词。句意:有汉语翻译和生动的图片,我们很容易猜出它们的意思。Pictures(图片)为名词,应用形容词修饰。故将vividly改为vivid。
10.考查状语从句的连接词。句意:这场难忘的课程鼓励我无论走到哪儿都要做积极主动的学习者。这是一个地点状语从句,根据句意(无论走到哪儿),应将where改为wherever。
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力;适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
Passage outline | Supporting details |
The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51.. |
52. with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53. old men’s premature death. • When 54. from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55. activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56. to them. • Think about how to57. depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58., to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59.to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60. social life. |