阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
What does a beautiful person look like? Well, it depends on whom you ask and 1. they are from.
Much like the way people with straight hair want 2.(curl) hair or those with pale skin lie in the sun trying to get a suntan (晒黑), people often find themselves more attractive when 3.(visit) another country.
Recently a post went popular on the US question website Quora. It asked, “Have you ever been considered more attractive in a country 4. than your own?”
Many replies made 5. clear just how much more attractive they were considered in other country, and why.
Lolyta from Indonesia wrote, “In my home country, I am not considered beautiful, 6. when I went to Europe I got a lot of attention.” Pooja Gautam from Nepal shared a similar experience. Women with lighter skin always got more attention than she 7. in her country. But in Poland, she has gotten 8.(usual) high levels of attention from locals. “Tanning salons (晒黑沙龙) are a big thing in Polish cities,” she wrote. “Some Polish people find it hard to believe 9. I tell them that many Nepalese people carry 10.(umbrella) on hot, sunny days to stop their skin from turning darker.”
1.where
2.curly
3.visiting
4.other
5.it
6.but
7.did
8.unusually
9.when
10.umbrellas
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。最近,美国问答网站Quora上的一篇文章问道:“你在其他国家被认为比你自己的国家更有吸引力吗?”很多人的回答都很明确,他们在其他国家的吸引力有多大,以及为什么。
1.考查宾语从句连接词。句意:嗯,这取决于你问谁,他们来自哪里。本句为宾语从句,且从句中缺少地点状语,故填where。
2.考查形容词。句意:就像直发的人想要卷发,或者皮肤苍白的人躺在阳光下想要晒黑一样。hair为名词,要用形容词修饰,故用curly。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:就像直发的人想要卷发,或者皮肤苍白的人躺在阳光下想要晒黑一样,人们在到另一个国家旅游时,往往会发现自己更有吸引力。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词,故visit做非谓语动词。与逻辑主语是people之间是主谓关系,故用现在分词visiting。
4.考查固定短语。句意:它问道:“你在其他国家被认为比你自己的国家更有吸引力吗?”固定词组other than“不同于”。故填other。
5.考查形式宾语。句意:许多回复都明确表示,他们在其他国家被认为更具吸引力。短语make it clear“讲清楚”,make后跟it做形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的从句。故填it。
6.考查连词。句意:在我的祖国,我不被认为是美丽的,但当我去欧洲时,我得到了很多关注。根据语境前后是转折关系,故用but。
7.考查动词的省略。句意:肤色较浅的女性总是比她的国家更受关注。为了避免重复got way more attention,用助动词do代替。且根据上文got可知应用一般过去时,故填did。
8.考查副词。句意:但在波兰,她得到了当地人异乎寻常的高度关注。由前面的but可知前后两句是转折关系,又要修饰形容词故用副词形式unusually。
9.考查状语从句连接词。句意:当我告诉他们许多尼泊尔人为了防止皮肤被晒黑而在晴朗的大热天撑伞时,一些波兰人觉得难以相信。本句为时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”,故填when。
10.考查名词的数。umbrella为名词,前面没有冠词修饰,故用复数形式umbrellas。
【点睛】
名词性从句关键在于三点:一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分(主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分)三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意,近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。如第一小题考查宾语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故填where。
并列连词的概念:
连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如:and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both...and, notonly...butalso, either...or, neither...nor, (and)then 等等。
种类 |
用法 |
举例 |
并列连词 |
表示转折关系 |
but, yet等 |
表示因果关系 |
For, so等 |
|
表示并列关系 |
And, or, either…or, |
并列连词知识体系:
种类 | 用法 | 举例 |
并列连词 | 表示转折关系 | yet, but等 |
表示并列关系 | and, or, either...or..., as welll as等 | |
表示因果关系 | for, so等 |
并列连词与并列结构:
并列连词引导两个并列的句子。
1)and与or:
判断改错:
(错) They sat down and talk about something.
(错) They started to dance and sang.
(错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
(对) They sat down and talked about something.
(对) They started to dance and sing.
(对) I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析:第一句:and连接两个并列的谓语,所以talk应改为talked。
第二句:and连接两个并列的动词不定式,第二个不定式往往省略to,因此sang应改为sing。
第三句:and连接感观动词saw后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构,因此whisper应改为whispering。
注意:and还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。(or也有此用法)
如:Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.=If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.
One more effort, and you'll succeed.=If you make one more effort, you'll succeed.
2)both...and 两者都
如:She plays(both) the piano and the guitar.
3)not only...but(also), as well as 不但…而且
如:She plays not only the piano, but(also) the guitar.
注意:not only…but also关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。
如:Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
4)neither...nor 意思为“既不……也不……”谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致。
如:Neither you nor he is to blame.
比较so和such :
so与such的用法由不同词性决定。such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用,形成固定搭配。
构成:so+adj.
such+a(n)+n.
so+adj.+a(n)+n.
such+n.(pl.)
so+adj.+n.(pl.)
such+n.(pl.)
so+adj.+n.[不可数]
such+n.[不可数]
如:so foolish
such a fool
so nice a flower
such a nice flower
so many/few flowers
such nice flowers
so much/ little money.
such rapid progress
so many people
such a lot of people
注:so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于many,但a lot of为名词性的,只能用such搭配。 so...that与such...that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。
并列连词用法点拨:
1、表示并列关系:
1)or意思为“否则”。
如:I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.
2)either...or意思为“或者……或者……”。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。
如:Either you or I am right.
2、表示转折或对比关系:
1)but表示转折,while表示对比。
如:Some people love cats, while others hate them.
典型例题:
—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
—I'd like to, ___ I'm too busy.
A. and
B. so
C. as
D. but
答案:D。but与前面形成转折,符合语意。而表并列的and,结果的so,原因的as都不符合句意。
2)not...but...意思为“不是……而是……” not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
如:They were not the bones of an animal, but(the bones) of a human being.
3、表示原因关系:
1)for 判断改错:
(错)For he is ill, he is absent today.
(对)He is absent today, for he is ill. for是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句中间。
比较and和or的用法:
1)并列结构中,or通常用于否定句,and用于肯定句。
2)但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点:
如:There is no air or water in the moon.
There is no air and no water on the moon.
在否定中并列结构用or连接,但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构,因此要用and。
典型例题:
—I don't like chicken___fish.
—I don't like chicken, ___I like fish very much.
A. and;and
B. and;but
C. or;but
D. or;and
答案:C。否定句中表并列用or,but表转折。
判断改错:
(错)We will die without air and water.
(错)We can't live without air or water.
(对)We will die without air or water.
(对)We can't live without air and water.
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