单句改错
1．A computer can only do that you instruct it to do.
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2．The reason for her preference for city life is why it’s convenient for her to go shopping.
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3．I make a list of that my kids will need for the coming season.
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4．Everything depends on if we have enough money.
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5．The last time we had great fun was that we were visiting the Baihua Park in Jinan.
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6．Having checked the doors were closed, and all the lights were off, the boy went to his bedroom.
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1．that→what
2．why→that
3．that→what
4．if→whether
5．that→when
6．and后加that checked
【分析】
单句改错题是考查学生的识别能力、分析能力和综合运用英语知识的能力。做单句改错题首先要读通句子，在此基础上，根据不同的情况，用所掌握的语法，词汇知识为标准，从各个方面判断，具体排除干扰，判断、分析找出错误，并予以改正。本题主要考查名词性从句的连词，要注意连词是否运用恰当。
1．考查名词性从句的连接词。句意：电脑只能做你指示它做的事情。连接词在从句中do的宾语，缺少宾语，表示事情要用what，而that在名词性从句中不作成分，只起引导词的作用，所以将that改为what。
2．考查固定句式。句意：她喜欢城市生活的原因是购物方便。“ The reason… is that…”是固定句型，意为“原因是……”，连接词在表语从句中不作句子成分，所以不用why。故把why改为that。
3．考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：我把孩子们在下个季节里需要的东西列了一个清单。分析句子结构可知，make a list of后跟宾语从句，且从句中的动词need缺少宾语，名词性从句中缺少宾语，指物时要用what，而that在句中不作成分。所以把that改为what。
4．考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：一切都要取决于我们是否有足够的钱。分析句子结构可知，介词on之后要用“whether（是否）”引导宾语从句，不能用if引导。故把if改为whether。
5．考查表语从句的连接词。句意：我们最近一次玩得很愉快的时候是参观济南百花花园的时候。根据The last time可知，表语从句中缺少时间状语，所以用when引导表语从句。故把that改为when。
6．考查宾语从句连接词that的省略。Having checked后面跟了两个宾语从句the doors were closed, 和all the lights were off，宾语从句中的第一个从句中的that可省略，但第二个从句的引导词that不能省略。因此在and后加that checked。
【点睛】
引导从句时whether和if的区别
whether和if均可用来引导名词性从句，但有时只能用whether而不能用if。
1. if引导的主语从句不能位于句首。如果置于句首要用whether。
如：Whether they win or lose is all the same to me. 他们是赢是输对于我来说都一样。
（此时whether不能换作if ）
It's doubtful whether there'll be any seats left. 说不上还有没有空座位了。
(此句whether能换作if)
2. whether和if均可用来引导宾语从句。如
I don't know whether/if I will be able to come. 我不知道我是否能来。
(1)从句作介词宾语时只用whether不用if。如：
She was undecided about whether she should accept his offer. 她拿不定主意应该不应该接受他的提议。
⑵当whether和or not连用时，只用whether不用if。
I don’t know whether or not he will come. 我不知道他是不是回来。
⑶当whether和or连用表示明确的选择时，只用whether不用if。
He hesitated about whether he should drive or take the train. 他开车去还是坐火车去，犹豫不决
3. 表语从句用whether引导不用if。如：
The problem was whether you had broken the vase. 问题就是是否是你打坏了这只花瓶。
4. 同位语从句用whether引导不用if。如：
The question whether we'll go abroad hasn't been settled. 我们是否要出国还未决定。
5. 在动词不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。如：
The question is whether to go to Munich or Vienna. 问题是去慕尼黑还是去维也纳。
表语从句的概念：
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有
从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；
关系副词when, where, why, how, however, when。
表语从句用法：
1、表语从句的引导词：
引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词，关系代词型what，以及as if,as though,because等连词：
如：The fact is that he doesn't really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。
The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。
The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。
That was when I was fifteen. 这是我15岁时发生的事。
It isn't as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了。
It is because I love you too much. 那是因为我太爱你了。
注：whether可此导表语从句，但与之同义的if 却通常不用于引导表语从句；because可引导表语从句，但与之同义的since, as, for等也不用于引导表语从句。
2、连词that的省略问题引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略：
如：My idea is(that) we should do it right away. 我的意见是我们应该马上干。
The trouble is(that) he is ill. 糟糕的
表语从句用法拓展：
名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句，表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。
例如：The problem is how we can get the things we need. 问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how在表语从句中充当方式状语)
The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表语从句中充当宾语)
What I told him was that I would find him a good play.
我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)
That is what I want to tell you. 那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)
注意：“That is why...”是常用句型，意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结：
如：That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.珍妮，这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括)。//ThatiswhyIcame.这就是我来的原因。下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构，它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：
（1）“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，“That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样：
如：That is(the reason) why I can not agree. 这就是我不能同意的理由。
（2）“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由，“That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果：
如：He did not see the film last night.
That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. 昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因)
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night. 他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果)
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