翻译句子
1.因手术后还没有完全康复,医生建议Mary再住院两周。(分词作原因状语)
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2.翻译成英语之后,这个句子中的单词有完全不同的排列顺序。(动词-ed形式作时间状语)
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3.专心于看电影,Jack没发现我进入他房间。(动词-ed形式作原因状语;absorb)
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4.要是给予更多关心,他会取得更大的成就。(动词-ed形式作条件状语)
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5.自己当老板已经这么久了,他觉得难以听从别人的指示。(动词-ed形式作原因状语)
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6.哈佛大学始建于1636年,是美国最著名的大学之一。(动词-ed形式作时间状语;found)
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1.Not having fully recovered from the operation, Mary was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks by the doctor.
2.Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order
3.Absorbed in watching the film, Jack didn’t notice me enter his room.
4.Given more attention, he could have gained more achievement.
5.Having been a boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from other people.
6.Founded in 1636, Harvard University is one, of the most, famous universities in the United States.
【分析】
本大题考查用分词形式翻译英语句子。此种题首先要分析所给的汉语句意及具体的要用法,明确考核的要点,选择恰当的词语搭配,不仅要用所给的语法项目进行恰当的翻译,同时还要注意翻译句子时要根据具体的语境。此外一定要避免汉语式的英语翻译。
1.考查分词作原因状语。分析汉语意思可知,本句中“因手术后还没有完全康复”的逻辑主语是Mary,与句子的主语是一致的,可省略,它与动词recover from…二者是主动关系,根据语境可知,要用现在完成时,即翻译成“Not having fully recovered from the operation”。建议某人做某事,可译为“advise sb. to do…”,Mary与动词advise是被动关系。本句讲述的是过去的事,故要用一般过去时,因此答案为:Not having fully recovered from the operation,Mary was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks by the doctor.
2.考查动词-ed形式作时间状语。分析汉语句意可知,其中“翻译成英语之后”,在句子作状语。“这个句子”是动词“翻译(translate)”的逻辑主语,二者是被动关系,因此要用过去分词作状语。因此句子可译为:Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
3.考查动词-ed形式作状语。分析汉语句意可知,本句中的“Jack没发现我进入他房间”是因为“他专心于看电影”。因此“专心于看电影”可作原因状语,用非谓语。分析句子结构可知,专心于做某事,可译为“be absorbed in doing sth.”,修饰其逻辑主语Jack。因此要用absorbed in watching the film。分析语境可知,此句叙述是Jack在过去的事,要用一般过去时,notice sb. do ….为固定搭配,意为“注意某人做某事”。因此本句可译为Absorbed in watching the film, Jack didn’t notice me enter his room.
4.考查动词-ed形式作条件状语。分析汉语意思可知,本句中的“要是给予更多关心”在句中作状语,是“他会取得更大的成就”的条件。分析句子的结构可知,要是(他被)给予更多好的关心,他会取得更大的成就。he与动词give二者是被动关系,因此是用被动,即Given more attention。“取得更大进步”可译为“gain more achievement”。分析语境可知,本句是虚拟语气,是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,因此句子要用could have done。因此本句可译为Given more attention, he could have gained more achievement.
5.考查动词-ed形式作原因状语。分析汉语意思可知,本句中的“他觉得难以听从别人的指示” 是因为“(他)自己当老板已经这么久了”的原因状语。由此可知,be a boss是主语he的状态。分析语境可知,此处是指他已当了好久的老板,这事发生在found之前,因此要用完成时,故要用非谓语的完成时,即“having been a boss for such a long time”。因此句子可译为:Having been a boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from other people。
6.考查动词-ed形式作时间状语。分析汉语意思可知,“建立于1636年的哈佛大学”是美国最著名的大学之一。其中的“建立于1636年的哈佛大学”是时间状语,可用非谓语作时间状语。其中的哈佛大学与动词建立(found)二者是被动关系,因此要用Founded in 1636, 因此本句可译为:Founded in 1636, Harvard University is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
状语从句的概念:
状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
比较while/as/when:
1、as/when引导短暂性动作的动词例句:
如:Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2、当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when引导这个从句,不可用as或while。
如:When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3、从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as,不用when或while。
如:As the day went on, the weather got worse.
比较untill/till:
两个连词意义相同,肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”,动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”,动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。
正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句例句:I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
注意:在肯定句中可用before代替:Let's get in the wheat before the sunsets.
否定句例句:She didn't arrive until 6o'clock.
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.
1、Until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。
例句:Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
2、Untilwhen疑问句中,until要放在句首。
例句:Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候?
注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
1)Not until…在句首,主句用倒装。
例句:Not until the early years of the19th century did man know what heat is.
2)It is not until…that…
状语从句的用种类:
1、时间状语从句:
表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till(until), since, once, as soon as(或the moment), by the time, no sooner…than, hardly(scarcely)… when, everytime等引导。
e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
He started as soon as he received the news.
Once you see him, you will never forget him.
No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.
2、原因状语从句:
原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的,引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as, nowthat(既然)等,for表示因果关系时(它引导的不是从句)为并列连词,语气不如because强。 e.g. He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.
As it is raining, I will not go out.
Now that you mention it, I do remember.
3、地点状语从句:
引导地点状语从句的连词是where和wherever等。
e.g. Sit wherever you like.
Make a mark where you have a question.
4、目的状语从句:
引导目的状语从句最常用的词(组)是so, so that(从句谓语常有情态动词), in order that, in case(以防,以免)等。
e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.
He left early in case he should miss the train.
5、结果状语从句:
结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是原因,从句是结果。由so that(从句谓语一般没有情态动词),so…that, such…that等引导。
e.g. She was ill, so that she didn't attend the meeting.
He was so excited that he could not say a word.
She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
6、条件状语从句:
条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。
引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if, unless, so(as)long as, on condition that, so(as) far as, if only(=if)。
注意:条件从句中的if不能用whether替换。
e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.
So far as I know(据我所知), he will be away for three months.
You can go swimming on condition that(=if) you don't go too far away from the river bank.
If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
7、让步状语从句:
让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if(though), however, whatever, whether…or, no matter who(when, what,…)等引导。
注意:as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。
e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
Child a she is, he knows a lot.
Whatever(=No matter what) you say, I'll never change my mind.
8、方式状语从句:
方式状语从句常由as, as if(though), the way, rather than等引导。
e.g.You must do the exercise as I show you.
He acted as if nothing had happened.
9、比较状语从句:
比较状语从句常用than, so(as)…as, the more…the more等引导。
e.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.
He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题:
1、在时间和条件(有时也在方式、让步等)从句中,主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g. We'll go outing if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
I'll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.
2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句,如果从句的主语与主句主语一致(或虽不一致,是it),从句的谓语又包含动词be,就可省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。
e.g. When(hewas) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.
If(you are) asked you may come in.
If(it is) necessary I'll explain to you again.
3、注意区分不同从句:引导的是什么从句,不仅要根据连词,还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例,能引导多种从句。
e.g. You are to find it where you left it.(地点状语从句)
Tell me the address where he lives.(定语从句,句中有先行词)
I don't know where he came from.(宾语从句)
Where he has gone is not known yet.(主语从句)
This place is where they once hid.(表语从句)
注意:表示“一…就…”的结构 hardly/scarcely…when/before/no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示“一…就…”的意思。
例句:I had hardly/scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意:如果hardly/scarcely或nosooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构:
例句:Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
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