Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.无论时走路、骑车还是开车,遵守交通规则都很重要。(follow)
2.只有发展好、运用好、治理好互联网,才能使其更好地造福人类。(Only)
3.鼓励你,给你建议,并提出有建设性的问题的人被称作人生教练或导师。(helpful)
4.生命充满了挑战,但是只要你有学习新事物的意愿,就能得到克服障碍的正确态度。(willingness)
1.Whether you walk, cycle or drive a car, it’s important to follow the rules of the road.
2.Only by developing , using and governing the internet well can it benefit mankind.
3.A person who encourages you , gives you advice and asks helpful questions is called life coaching or mentor.
4.Life is full of changes, but a willingness to learn something new gives people the right attitude for overcoming obstacles.
【解析】
1.考查动词。分析句子可知,遵守交通规则都很重要是主句,可以使用It+ be+形容词+to do sth.句式“无论是…还是…”用whether…or…句式;此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,再根据其它汉语提示,故翻译为:Whether you walk, cycle or drive a car, it’s important to follow the rules of the road.
2.考查only部分倒装。分析句子可知,“通过……”用介词by,表示方式;only主句要用部分倒装结构,主语为using and governing the internet well,谓语can benefit,宾语为mankind;此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,再根据其它汉语提示,故翻译为:Only by developing , using and governing the internet well can it benefit mankind.
3.考查形容词和定语从句。分析句子可知,who引导的定语从句,先行词为a person,形容词“helpful”修饰名词questions;此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,再根据其它汉语提示,故翻译为:A person who encourages you , gives you advice and asks helpful questions is called life coaching or mentor.
4.考查名词和连词。分析句子可知,表示转折关系用连词but“但是”连接两个句子;短语be full of…“充满…”,后一句的主语为a willingness to learn something new,谓语为gives,双宾语为people the right attitude;此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,再根据其它汉语提示,故翻译为:Life is full of changes, but a willingness to learn something new gives people the right attitude for overcoming obstacles.
【点睛】
第1小题中涉及到it作形式主语的句式。动词不定式,动名词或主语从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语动词前,而用it作形式主语,放到句首,常见句型有:
1.It+be形容词+主语从句,如:
It is uncertain whether he can come to the party or not.
2.It+be 名词词组+主语从句,这类名词有:a fact,a pity,a shame,an honor等,如:
It's a pity that you missed the exciting football match.
It remains a question whether he will come or not.
3.It+be 过去分词+主语从句,这类过去分词有:announced,believed,expected,hoped,decided,reported,said,show等,如:
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.
4.It+be 形容词+for sb.+动词不定式
这类句型常用形容词easy,difficult,hard,important,possible等作表语,有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者,常在不定式前加加or sb.如:
It's necessary for the young to master two foreign languages.
It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.
5. It+be+名词或容词+动名词,这类名词和形容词常常是:good,no good,no use,a waste of,useless,senseless等,如:
It's a waste of time talking to her any more.
It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
人称代词的概念:
人称代词是替代我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们、她们、它们等人称的词。
人称代词分为主格和宾格形式,并有人称的单复数形式。按所替代人称的不同分为第一人称、第二人称和第三人称。
人称 |
单数 |
复数 | ||
主格 |
宾格 |
主格 |
宾格 | |
第一人称 |
I |
me |
we |
us |
第二人称 |
you |
you |
you |
you |
第三人称 |
he |
him |
they |
them |
人称代词知识体系:
人称代词的用法:
人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格,如:I,you,he,she,we,they,等)和宾语(用宾格,如 me,you,him,her,us,them等)
如:He loves her, but she hates him. 他爱她,但她却讨厌他。
注:(1)在口语中,当人称代词用作表语、用于than, as之后或用于强调句中被强调时,可以用语。 例如:
"Who is it?" "It's me."“是谁呀?”“是我。”
He sings better than me. 他比我唱得好。
He is as tall as her. 他和她一样高。
It's me who did it. 这是我干的。但是,若than,as后的人称代词后跟有动词,则必须用主格。例如:
He sings better than I do./ He is as tall as she is.
(2)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格。
"I' m tired.""Me too."“我累了。”“我也累了。”
"Who wants this?" "Me."“谁要这个?”“我要。”
(3)有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化。
I like you better than he. 我比他更喜欢你。为 I like you better than he likes you. 之略。
I like you better than him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。为 I like you better than he likes him. 之略。
人称代词主格、宾格、人称、单复数对比:
人称代词 |
单数 |
复数 | ||
主格 |
宾格 |
主格 |
宾格 | |
第一人称 |
I |
me |
we |
us |
第二人称 |
you |
you |
you |
you |
第三人称 |
he |
him |
they |
them |
she |
her |
them | ||
it |
it |
人称代词的排序:
人称代词的排列顺序为:单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列,即you, he and I;复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列,即we, you and they:
You, he and I are of the same age. 你,他和我都是同一年龄。
We, you and they are all good citizens. 我们,你们和他们都是好公民。
但若是用于承担责任或错误等场合,则可把第一人称I置于其他人称代词之前:
I and Tom are to blame. 我和汤姆该受批评。
比较:Tom and I hope to go there. 汤姆和我想去那儿。
注意:you and I 是固定结构,语序通常不宜颠倒。
人称代词用法拓展:
1、在通常情况下,人称代词在句子中出现在它所代替的名词之后,即先出现名词,再出现相应的代词。但是,在书面语中,有时也可出现代词,后出现代词所代替的名词。
As soon as it had hopped off, the plane picked up speed.飞机刚一起飞,就加了速。
(比较:As soon as the plane had hopped off, it picked up speed.)
2、人称代词后跟名词同位语。有些人称代词后有时可跟同位语。
These small desks are forus students.这些小课桌是给我们学生的。
We girls often go to the movies together.我们女孩子常一起去看电影。
He asked you boys to be quiet.他要你们男孩子安静些。
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