句子翻译
1．人们过度砍伐森林，结果许多动物已经灭绝．（as a result， die out，介词+which）______
2．机器人是否会代替人类，此事将有待证实．（remain，形式主语it）______
3．当你违反法律时，别期望能逃脱惩罚．（expect， escape，状语从句）______
4．是我同桌给我一个坚定的眼神，鼓励了我积极参加学校运动会．（determine，强调句）______
5．去年署假，李华充分利用时间学习烹饪，发现烹饪很容易．（make use of；动词不定式）______
1．People have cut down too many trees/Many trees have been cut down by people， as a result of which， many animals have died out．
2．It remains to be seen/proved whether robots will take the place of human beings．
3．When you break the law，don't expect to escape being punished/escape punishment．
4．It was my deskmate who gave me a determined look to encourage me to take an active part in the school sport meeting．
5．During/Over the last summer vacation，Li Hua made full use of time /made the most of time to learn cooking ， and found it easy to learn．
【解析】
1． 强调对现在造成的结果或影响，主从句都用现在完成时态；2．cut down意为"砍倒"；as a result of意为"作为 …的结果； 由于"；die out意为"消失； 灭绝"．综上，该句应翻译为：People have cut down too many trees/Many trees have been cut down by people， as a result of which， many animals have died out。
2．根据所给的汉语意思和提示"remain，形式主语it"可知，此处考查句式"It remains to be seen/proved（此事将有待证实）"其中形式主语it代替真正的主语"机器人是否会代替人类"，根据句意可知是一般将来时，"代替"的英语是take the place of。综上，该句应翻译为： It remains to be seen/proved whether robots will take the place of human beings。
3．根据所给的汉语意思和提示"状语从句"可知，"当你违反法律时"是状语从句结合句意可知是一般现在时，英语是When you break the law，结合英语提示expect， escape，可知"别期望做某事"是祈使句英语是don't expect to do sth．，"逃脱惩罚"的英语是escape being punished/escape punishment。综上，该句应翻译为：When you break the law，don't expect to escape being punished．/escape punishment。
4．根据所给的汉语意思和提示"强调句"可知，强调句的结构是：It is/was+被强调部分+that+句子的其余部分，此处强调主语"我同桌（my deskmate）"结合英语提示determine可知"给我一个坚定的眼神"（give me a determined look）的目的是"鼓励某人做某事"（encourage sb． to do sth．），"积极参加"的英语是take an active part in，"学校运动会"的英语是the school sport meeting，结合句意可知是一般过去时。综上，该句应翻译为：It was my deskmate who gave me a determined look to encourage me to take an active part in the school sport meeting。
5．根据所给的汉语意思和英语提示make use of可知，本句主语"李华（Li Hua）"与谓语"充分利用（make full use of /make the most of ）"是主动关系，结合提示"动词不定式"可知"充分利用时间学习烹饪"的英语为make full use of time/make the most of time to learn cooking，"发现烹饪很容易"的英语为find it easy to learn，根据时间状语"去年暑假（during/over the last summer vacation）"可知是一般过去时。综上，该句应翻译为： During/Over the last summer vacation，Li Hua made full use of time /made the most of time to learn cooking ， and found it easy to learn。
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力；适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
| Passage outline | Supporting details |
| The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51．. |
| 52． with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53． old men’s premature death. • When 54． from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
| Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55． activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56． to them. • Think about how to57． depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58．, to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
| Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59．to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60． social life. |