单句语法填空

1 ． (2020· 浙江学考 )The median( 中位数的 ) age of an American in 1950 was 30-today it is 41 and is expected __________ (increase) to 42 by 2050.

2 ． (2019· 浙江高考 )But some students didn’t want __________ (wear) the uniform.

3 ． (2019· 浙江高考 )When the children are walking or __________ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.

4 ． (2018· 浙江学考 )One study showed that women who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely __________ (have) children with birth defects.

5 ． (2018· 浙江学考 )Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem __________ (call) caffeinism.

6 ． (2018· 浙江高考 )I still remember __________ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.

7 ． (2017· 浙江学考 )It is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while __________ (read) an interesting piece of literature.

8 ． (2017· 浙江学考 )Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and their use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words __________ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.

9 ． (2017· 浙江高考 )Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring __________ (cook) a meal.

10 ． (2019· 全国 Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________ (perform) consistently over a large area.

11 ． (2019· 全国 Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by __________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating( 聚集 ) around human settlements, leading to the illusion( 错觉 ) that populations are higher than they actually are.

12 ． (2019· 全国 II)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __________ (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.

13 ． (2019· 全国 II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans __________ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.

14 ． (2019· 全国 II)When we got a call __________ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.

15 ． (2019· 全国 III)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

16 ． (2018· 全国 Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long __________ (see) the benefit.

17 ． (2018· 全国 Ⅰ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of __________ (die) early by running.

18 ． (2018· 全国 II)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __________ (improve) water quality.

19 ． (2018· 全国 II)China’s approach to protecting its environment while __________ (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.

20 ． (2018· 全国 III)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid __________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel __________ (challenge).

21 ． (2018· 全国 III)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me __________ (stay) and watch.

答案

1 ． to increase

2 ． to wear

3 ． cycling

4 ． to have

5 ． called

6 ． visiting

7 ． reading

8 ． learnt/learned

9 ． to cook

10 ． to perform

11 ． noting

12 ． being

13 ． to retire

14 ． saying

15 ． listening

16 ． to see

17 ． dying

18 ． to improve

19 ． feeding

20 ． looking challenged

21 ． to stay

【分析】

1 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语 be expected to do sth.“ 被期望做某事 ” 后跟不定式，故填 to increase 。

2 ． 考查固定用法。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。 want to do sth 想要做某事，这是 want 的固定用法。故填 to wear 。

3 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。 or 连接两个并列成分，根据 or 前的 walking 可知，此处要用 cycling 。故填 cycling 。

4 ． 考查动词不定式。此处指每天喝大量咖啡的妇女，怀孕时孩子很可能会先天畸形。表示 “ 可能做某事 ” 是 be likely to do sth. ，用动词不定式，故填 to have 。

5 ． 考查过去分词。句中 problem 和动词 call 是被动关系，指这种问题被叫做 caffeinism 。此处用过去分词表被动，作 problem 的定语，故填 called 。

6 ． 考查动词形式。句意：我还记得探望那个在这里住了五年的朋友，当我得知她从来没有做过一次饭时，我很震惊。表示记得做过某事用 remember doing sth. ，故填 visiting 。

7 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：它比任何其他方法都要好，因为你在阅读一篇有趣的文学作品的同时提高了你的词汇。逻辑主语 you 与动词 read 为主动关系，故用现在分词 reading 作状语；也可视为状语从句 while you are reading... 的省略形式。故填 reading 。

8 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：另一件好事是你无意识地学会了生词和它们的用法，这意味着你会倾向于用学到的词，这几乎是对话中自动使用的方式。 learned / learnt 作后置定语修饰 words ，表示 “ 已学过的词 ” ， words 与 learn 是被动的关系，因此用过去分词。故填 learned/learnt 。

9 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意： 16 年前， Pahlsson 把钻石戒指摘掉去做饭。这里用不定式表目的，故填 to cook 。

10 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填 to perform 。

11 ． 考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 by 可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填 noting 。

12 ． 考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 for 可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填 being 。

13 ． 考查不定式作定语。此处用 to do sth 作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词 plan ，表示 “…… 的计划 ” ，故填 to retire 。

14 ． 考查非谓语动词。前面已经有谓语动词 got ，故此处用非谓语动词形式，根据 say 与其逻辑主语 call 是主动关系，故填 saying 。

15 ． 考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为 “were invited” ，所以空格处动词 listen 应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由 we 发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由 and 前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题， and 后 meeting interesting locals 为分词形式，故空格处填 listening 。

16 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：你不必跑的很快或长时间跑去看（它的）好处。根据语义， “see the benefit” 是表示目的。故填 to see 。

17 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：你或许会喝酒、抽烟、超重，但仍可以通过跑步降低早死的风险。根据短语 a risk of (doing) sth 可知， die 需变为其名词或动名词形式作宾语， death 是名词，多用于表示 “ 谁谁的死 ” 、 “ 谁谁的噩耗 ” ； dying 表示垂死状态， dying 用于短语 “risk of doing sth.” ，表示什么什么的风险，故此处填 dying 。

18 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：政府鼓励农民不去种水稻而是种植玉米是为了改善水质。根据语义，这里 (improve) water quality 是表示目的。故填 to improve 。

19 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国在为公民提供食物同时保护环境的方法为全世界的农业和食物政策制定者们提供了一些启示。这里 (feed) its citizens 是作状语，且是主动关系。故填 feeding 。

20 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：我迅速低下身子，低下头去避免直接去看他的眼睛以便他没有感觉到被挑战。动词 avoid 后接动名词作宾语，故填 looking 。句中 feel 是连系动词，根据语义采用 challenge 的过去分词形式作表语（含被动关系），故填 challenged 。

21 ． 考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦他的信息被发送了，他允许我待在那里观看。根据 allow sb to do 固定结构可知，故填 to stay 。