请阅读下面句子,并用所给动词的适当形式填空。注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
1 . They might have found a better hotel if they _______ (drive) a few more kilometers.
2 . If only I _______ (pass) the driving test last week!
3 . Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _______ (do)something instead of just talking.
4 . I wish I were at my son’s graduation ceremony, but I ______ (be) on a business trip then.
5 . There was a terrible noise _______ (follow) the sudden burst of light.
6 . _______ (stick) in a heavy traffic jam is quite an annoying experience.
7 . Please remain ________ (seat) until the aircraft come to a stop.
8 . I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _______ (catch).
9 . Tsinghua University, ________ (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
10 . ________ (judge) from what he said just now, he must be very satisfied with your performance.
1 . had driven
2 . had passed
3 . did/should do
4 . was
5 . following
6 . Being stuck
7 . seated
8 . to catch
9 . founded
10 . Judging
【分析】
1 . 考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们再多开出几英里,他们可能就能找到一家更好的酒店。这里 If 引导的从句用虚拟语气,根据 might have found 得知是与过去事实的虚拟,用过去完成时态,故填 had driven 。
2 . 考查虚拟语气。句意:要是我上周通过驾照考试就好了! if only 引导的从句用虚拟语气, last week 提示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时,故填 had passed 。
3 . 考查虚拟语气。句意:杰克是一个爱夸夸其谈的人,他是时候该行动起来而不是仅仅口头说说了。 It’s high time 后面用虚拟语气,从句中用动词过去时或者 should do ,故填 did/should do 。
4 . 考查虚拟语气和动词时态。句意:我多希望我参加了我儿子的毕业典礼,但是我当时在出差没能参加。 wish 从句用虚拟语气,其中的 were 以及句尾的 then 提示是与过去事实相反, but 连接的句子是事实,故填 was 。
5 . 考查非谓语动词。句意:在闪电之后紧接着是一阵轰隆隆的响声。 There be 中已经有谓语动词,第二个动词 follow 应该用非谓语结构, noise 和 follow 是主动关系,用现在分词结构,故填 following 。
6 . 考查非谓语动词。句意:遭遇严重的交通堵塞是很令人恼火的经历。 be stuck in 被困于;题干中 is 前面缺少主语,动名词结构做主语,故填 Being stuck 。
7 . 考查形容词。句意:在飞机停稳之前请大家坐好。 remain 是系动词后面用形容词作表语, seated 是形容词,故填 seated 。
8 . 考查非谓语动词。句意:在开会期间我一直看表,因为我要赶火车。 have something to do 表示有事情要做,不定式做宾补,故填 to catch 。
9 . 考查非谓语动词。句意:清华大学成立于 1911 年,这里培养出大批杰出人物。根据谓语动词 is home to 得知, “成立”做后置定语,它与清华大学是被动关系要用过去分词,故填 founded 。
10 . 考查非谓语动词。句意:从他刚才所言判断,他一定对你的表现很满意。 judging from 表示从 … 判断,做伴随状语,故填 Judging 。
【点睛】
虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。可以根据以下几种情况进行虚拟语气的判断:
1.if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。 if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句,反之为非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种:
( 1 ) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用 “had + 过去分词 ” ,主句用 “should ( would, could, might ) + have + 过去分词 ” 。例如:
If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨,我们就能玩网球了。
( 2 ) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用 were ,主句的谓语用 “should ( would, could, might ) + 动词原形 ” 。例如:
If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你,我就娶她为妻。
( 3 ) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用 “should ( were to ) + 动词原形 ” ,主句用 “should
( would, could, might ) + 动词原形 ” 。 例如:
If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会,你会难过的。
2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
( 1 ) wish 后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气:根据从句的意义来判断。
A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如:
I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。
B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如:
I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。
He insisted that she was honest. 他坚持认为她是诚实的。
3. 主语从句中的虚拟语气。
It is time ( about time / high time ) that... + (过去时或 should + 动词原形) ... 。例如:
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home. 我该回家了。
一般过去时的概念:
一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
一般过去时的用法:
1、表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去时间的副词如:yesterday,last week,two hours ago等连用。
如:My family moved here five years ago. 我家五年前搬到了这里。
I was born in 1973. 我生于1973年。
2、表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作。这时可与频度副词如:often,usually,always等连用。
如:He always worked in tonight those days. 那些日子他总是工作到深夜。
I often left on business in 1987. 1987年我经常出差。
注:表示“过去经常,而今不再”时,要用usedto.
如:I used to read newspaper after breakfast. 我过去经常早饭后看报纸。(意指现在已不是这样)
The children often swam in this river. 孩子们过去经常在这条河里游泳。
3、表示过去发生的一连串动作。
如:He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door. 他放下这沉重的箱子,掏出钥匙开了房门。
注:过去发生的一连串动作,若用and,or,but等并列连词连接,则一律用过去式。
如:They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper. 他们把椅子搬到桌边,坐下开始吃饭。
4、在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
如:He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information. 他说他一得到消息就立即让我知道。
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained. 玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。
一般过去时的特别用法:
1、句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。
例如:It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb.did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"。
例如:It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
2、would(had)rather sb.did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。
例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow. 还是明天来吧。
3、wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意:用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend等。
例如:Did you want any thing else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词could, would。
例如:Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
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