Craftsmanship requires a great deal of time, patience and effort. 1 . Traditionally craftsmen develop their skills through apprenticeship to those masters of the craft who came before them.Although we don't often work that way in this day and age. There are few things that we can do to emulate the process.
Practice everyday design something new, walk through a tutorial work on a personal project. Whatever it takes to getting you working with the tools of your trade each day, the more you do something, the better (and faster) you become at doing it. 2 .
Learn to accept criticism and react appropriately. People have a hard time taking criticism of their work. You put so much effort into a piece. it can be difficult to hear that what you have done is not good enough. 3 . criticism isn't personal, you and your critics have the same goal, a quality product.
4 . .As I mentioned earlier, this is where all of the difference is made. A true artisan is careful about the details. Take the time to add polish and style to the small things. That can easily go overlooked. Attentiveness to these details raises the quality of our work.
Design for the future. Items that exhibit the quality of craftsmanship are timeless, They are built well,and built to last. 5 . There are always new features in the software we use .People develop new tools that give us more possibilities. But despite the ever-changing face of this industry, it is possible to do work that has longevity.
A . Pay attention to the details.
B . Participate in quality discussion.
C . Trends and costumes change rapidly.
D . Building quality reputations is the key to building craftsmanship.
E.However, nothing will help you improve so much as a critic.
F.Practice is the most important part of developing the quality of craftsmanship.
G.So becoming a real artisan requires your continuous development of your craft.
1 . G
2 . F
3 . E
4 . A
5 . C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了做哪些事情可以帮助工匠提高技能。
1. 根据上文 “Craftsmanship requires a great deal of time, patience and effort.” 可知, 制作工艺需要大量的时间、耐心和努力。说明工匠要不断的提高自己的技能。 G 选项 “ 所以成为一个真正的工匠需要你不断的提高你的手艺 ” 切题,与上文为因果关系, a great deal of time, patience and effort. 呼应 continuous development of your craft. 选项也引出下文传统上提高技能的方式。故选 G 项。
2. 根据上文 “Whatever it takes to getting you working with the tools of your trade each day, the more you do something, the better (and faster) you become at doing it.” 可知,无论你每天如何使用这些工具,你做的越多,你就会做得越好。 F 选项 “ 实践是提高工艺质量的最重要部分 ” 切题。 do something 呼应 practice ,总结上文说明实践的重要作用。故选 F 项。
3. 上文 “People have a hard time taking criticism of their work. You put so much effort into a piece. it can be difficult to hear that what you have done is not good enough” 讲述人们很难接受对他们工作的批评。你花了那么多精力在一件事上。很不想听到你所做的不好够的评论。下文 “criticism isn't personal, you and your critics have the same goal, a quality product.” 讲述批评不是针对你个人的,你和你的批评者有相同的目标,一个高质量的产品。所以选项与上文为转折关系且承接下文来说明批评者对于工匠的帮助。故 E 选项 “ 然而,没有什么比批评家更能帮你进步了 ” 切题。 critic 是关键词。故选 E 项。
4. 根据下文 “A true artisan is careful about the details. Take the time to add polish and style to the small things. That can easily go overlooked. Attentiveness to these details raises the quality of our work.” 可知,一个真正的工匠对细节很注意。花点时间给这些小东西润色一下并且增加风格。那很容易被忽视。对这些细节的关注提高了我们工作的质量。所以本段主要在说注重细节。故 A 选项 “ 注重细节 ” 为本段的标题。故选 A 项。
5. 上文 “Items that exhibit the quality of craftsmanship are timeless, They are built well, and built to last.” 讲述展示出工艺质量的物品是永恒的,它们建造得很好,建造得持久。下文 “There are always new features in the software we use .” 讲述我们使用的软件总是有新的功能。所以选项在说与展示工艺质量的物品相比,很多东西都是在快速变化的。且承接下文。故 C 选项 “ 潮流和服装变化迅速 ” 正是体现了变化迅速的两个方面。故选 C 项。
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
Feeling extreme loneliness can increase an older person’s risk of premature (过早的)death by 14 percent, according to research by John Cacioppo, professor of psychology at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo and his colleagues’ work shows that the impact of loneliness on premature death is nearly as strong as the impact of disadvantaged socioeconomic status, which they found increases the chances of dying early by 19 percent. A 2010 meta﹣analysis showed that loneliness has twice as much impact on early death as obesity does, he said.
The researchers looked at dramatic differences in the rate of decline in physical and mental health as people aged. Cacioppo and his colleagues have examined the role of satisfying relationships on older people to develop their resilience ([rɪˈzɪliəns] 快速恢复的能力;适应力), the ability to feel better quickly after something unpleasant, and grow from stresses in life.
The consequences for health are dramatic, as feeling isolated or separated from others can disturb sleep, elevate blood pressure, increase morning rises in the stress hormone cortisol ([‘kɔ:tɪsɒl] 皮质醇), change the gene expression in immune cells, increase depression and lower overall subjective well﹣being, Cacioppo pointed out in a talk, “ Rewarding Social Connections Promote Successful Aging.”
Cacioppo, one of the nation’s leading experts on loneliness, said older people can avoid the consequences of loneliness by staying in touch with former co﹣workers, taking part in family traditions, and sharing good times with family and friends ﹣ all of which give older adults a chance to connect with others about whom they care and who care about them.
”Retiring to Florida to live in a warmer climate among strangers isn’t necessarily a good idea if it means you are disconnected from the people who mean much to you,” said Cacioppo. Population changes make understanding the role of loneliness and health all the more important,he explained. “People have to think about how to protect themselves from depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. “
Although some people are happy to be alone, most people develop from social situations in which they provide mutual support and establish a strong bond. Evolution encourages people to work together to survive and accordingly most people enjoy companionship compared to be alone.
It is not solitude (独处)or physical isolation itself, but rather the subjective sense of isolation that Cacioppo’s work shows to be so destructive. Older people living alone are not necessarily lonely if they remain actively engaged in social life and enjoy the company of those around them. Some aspects of aging, such as blindness and loss of hearing, however, place people at special risk of becoming isolated and lonely, he said.
Passage outline | Supporting details |
The main idea | Chances are that older people will die early if they feel extremely 51.. |
52. with loneliness | • Like disadvantaged socioeconomic status and obesity, loneliness can 53. old men’s premature death. • When 54. from others, one will find physical health impacted and tend to feel depressive and unhappy. |
Suggestions | • Keep in touch with others and take part in 55. activities. • Choosing to live in a pleasant climate don’t necessarily make sense if the elder are disconnected from people who are 56. to them. • Think about how to57. depression, low subjective well﹣being and early death. • Work together with others to 58., to gain mutual support and establish a strong bond. |
Conclusions | • The sense of isolation, rather than solitude or physical isolation itself, isn’t 59.to elders. • Living alone doesn’t mean loneliness if older people live an 60. social life. |