Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.

The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.

This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer’s office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged—and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public’s fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.

This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.

113．Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?

A．Academic.              B．Unattractive.           C．Inexpensive.           D．Confidential.

114．What did street sales mean to newspapers?

A．They would be priced higher.                      B．They would disappear from cities.

C．They could have more readers.                    D．They could regain public trust.

115．Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?

A．Local politicians.                                       B．Common people.

C．Young publishers.                                      D．Rich businessmen.

116．What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?

A．It was a difficult process.                            B．It was a temporary success.

C．It was a robbery of the poor.                        D．It was a disaster for printers.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Hawaii is the only state not on the continent of North America. The State of Hawaii consists 1 ． 8 bigger islands and 2000 more small islands. Of the bigger islands, Hawaii Island is not only the largest but also the youngest. People can find a few active volcanoes in the island. Mauna Loa and Kilauea are the most active volcanoes, 2 ． the American government has opened Volcanoes National Park. The island’s largest city Hino, also the second largest one in Hawaii State, 3 ． (stand) on the northeast coast of the island.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Invented 1 ． early twentieth-century America by Richard Drew, Scotch tape can be used to fix almost anything. However, there is more to this fix-it-all than just that. Sticky yet easily removed, Scotch tape was designed for use in painting cars—to mask off areas that should not 2 ． (paint). The tape soon found other uses. During the 1930s, people didn’t have much money, so they couldn’t throw away damaged things; they had to repair them. Drew’s painting tape became a popular, money-saving fix for everything from torn clothing to broken eggs. Since then, people 3 ． (find) all sorts of creative ways to use the sticky tape.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

The Longji Rice Terraces ( 龙脊梯田 ) were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home. Starting in the Yuan Dynasty, work on the terraces took hundreds of years. The terraces are 1 ． (clever) designed, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other. During the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater 2 ． (move) down the mountains and into the terraces. These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects 3 ． can harm the rice crops. Today the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together.

Where you choose to stay can make or break your vacation experience.But even the most experienced travelers may not know the difference between the two main types of homes-away-from-home—hotels and motels. 1 ． The answer isn’t as simple as you’d think.

These two types of lodging( 住宿 )have the same basic purpose—a place for travelers to sleep. 2 ． For instance ， they came to be for different reasons ， and at very different times.

The word“hotel”dates back to the 1600s and comes from a French word ， hôtel.That word ， just like the English one.referred to a place that provides lodging ， meals ， entertainment ， and other services to travelers. 3 ． This word dates back to the 1920s and combines the words“hotel”and“motor.”As America’s major highway system developed ， so did motels ， filling the need for roadside stops for motorists traveling cross-country.

4 ． Hotels tend to be built for longer stays ， while motels are intended more for one-or two-night stops along a journey.Because of this ， hotels are much more likely to have offerings like lounges ， gyms ， and entertainment.

5 ． Want the place you stay to be just as much a part of your travel experience as anything else? Choose a hotel ， Just need a place to pop in and out of to shower and sleep? A motel might be the better choice.

A ． There are many secrets that hotels won’t tell you.

B ． But there are plenty of features that set them apart.

C ． Have you ever stayed in a motel on your vacation?

D ． Motels ， on the other hand ， are a much more recent lodging option.

E.Besides their first letters ， is there any real difference between them?

F.So ， in the end ， it comes down to what you want from your trip and from your lodging.

G.There are also other differences that can help you figure out which type of place you’re in.